What is Embalming and Is It Required?
Embalming is the process of chemically preserving and sanitizing a deceased human body. It is done to slow down decomposition and present the body in a suitable way for viewing or an open casket service. It is a key service offered by funeral homes.
The Embalming Process
The process is generally performed by a licensed professional at the funeral home. The embalmer cleans the body. Then, they drain the natural fluids and replace them with a chemical solution, usually containing formaldehyde. This chemical solution preserves the tissues.
After the chemical preservation, the embalmer uses cosmetics, sometimes called restorative arts, to make the deceased look natural. This includes setting the facial features and applying makeup to cover bruises or discolouration. The goal is to allow the family to see their loved one as they looked in life.
Is Embalming Required by Law?
No, embalming is not required by law in most states in the USA. This is an important consumer right under the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Funeral Rule.
A funeral home cannot tell you that embalming is required unless one of two specific situations is true.
Viewing or Wake If the family chooses to have an open casket viewing or a wake, the funeral home may require embalming to preserve the body for the public showing. This is a policy set by the funeral home, not state law.
Time Delay If the burial or cremation is delayed by more than a certain number of days (for instance, 7 to 10 days, depending on the state), the funeral home may require embalming to meet public health standards.
If you choose a direct burial or direct cremation, or if you hold a closed casket service, you do not have to pay for embalming. The funeral home must inform you that you can choose services without embalming.
Alternatives to Embalming
If a family does not want to use chemicals, there are alternatives, especially if the service is quick.
Refrigeration This is the best non-chemical way to preserve the body for a short period, typically a few days. Many funeral homes have refrigerated rooms for this purpose.
Green Burial The green burial movement strictly prohibits chemical embalming. Instead, it relies on refrigeration, dry ice, and a quick burial within a few days to preserve the body before disposition.
Embalming is a costly service. Before agreeing to it, always confirm if your chosen service—whether viewing, burial, or cremation—actually requires it based on the funeral home's policies and the planned timeline.